Dina dua percobaan ieu, kami ngenalkeun opat variabel anu béda pikeun pariksa akurasi relatif model 3D. Opat variabel anu béda nyaéta:
1: Jenis drone pamawa: drone VTOL atanapi drone multi-rotor
2: GSD béda
3: Kalawan / Tanpa titik kontrol taneuh
4: Kalawan / Tanpa data PPK
Drone pamawa |
Kaméra serong |
GSD |
PPK |
CW10 VTOL |
DG4pros |
2 cm |
Sumuhun |
Jumlah Objék |
panjang ukur (L0) |
Panjang modél 3D (L1) tanpa GCP |
Panjang modél 3D (L2) kalayan GCP |
Ds1(L0-L1) |
Ds2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.210 |
7.20 |
7.21 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
|
8.706 |
8.71 |
8.68 |
0.00 |
0.03 |
|
10.961 |
10.87 |
10.90 |
0.09 |
0.06 |
2 |
7.010 |
6.89 |
6.98 |
0.12 |
0.03 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.79 |
1.80 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
4 |
10.410 |
10.39 |
10.40 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.67 |
10.70 |
0.05 |
0.02 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.75 |
13.77 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.39 |
11.39 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
|
12.147 |
12.13 |
12.13 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
8 |
7.526 |
7.51 |
7.49 |
0.02 |
0.04 |
|
13.797 |
13.79 |
13.81 |
0.01 |
-0.01 |
9 |
10.374 |
10.35 |
10.36 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
10 |
2.109 |
2.03 |
2.02 |
0.08 |
0.09 |
|
4.281 |
4.15 |
4.16 |
0.13 |
0.12 |
11 |
14.675 |
14.61 |
14.66 |
0.07 |
0.02 |
|
8.600 |
8.60 |
8.54 |
0.00 |
0.06 |
12 |
13.394 |
13.37 |
13.35 |
0.02 |
0.04 |
13 |
12.940 |
12.88 |
12.89 |
0.06 |
0.05 |
14 |
7.190 |
7.20 |
7.18 |
-0.01 |
0.01 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.36 |
13.35 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
|
6.435 |
6.40 |
6.41 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
16 |
3.742 |
3.75 |
3.72 |
-0.01 |
0.02 |
17 |
6.022 |
5.97 |
5.98 |
0.05 |
0.04 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.93 |
3.89 |
0.01 |
0.05 |
19 |
8.120 |
8.10 |
8.12 |
0.02 |
0.00 |
|
14.411 |
14.40 |
14.40 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
20 |
6.077 |
6.04 |
6.03 |
0.04 |
0.05 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.65 |
13.66 |
0.05 |
0.04 |
RMSE: Ds1 = 0,0342m, Ds2 = 0,0308m |
Drone pamawa |
Kaméra serong |
GSD |
PPK |
CW10 VTOL |
DG4pros |
2 cm |
No |
Jumlah Objék |
panjang ukur (L0) |
Panjang modél 3D (L1) tanpa GCP |
Panjang modél 3D (L2) kalayan GCP |
Ds1(L0-L1) |
Ds2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.210 |
7.18 |
7.18 |
0.030 |
0.030 |
8.706 |
8.69 |
8.68 |
0,016 |
0,026 |
|
10.961 |
10.89 |
10.91 |
0,071 |
0,051 |
|
2 |
7.010 |
6.88 |
6.92 |
0.130 |
0.090 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.76 |
1.79 |
0,062 |
0.032 |
4 |
10.410 |
10.38 |
10.39 |
0.030 |
0.020 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.65 |
10.66 |
0,068 |
0,058 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.72 |
13.77 |
0,067 |
0,017 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.41 |
11.38 |
-0,006 |
0,024 |
12.147 |
12.13 |
12.12 |
0,017 |
0,027 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.44 |
7.47 |
0.086 |
0,056 |
13.797 |
13.83 |
13.83 |
-0,033 |
-0,033 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.35 |
10.34 |
0,024 |
0.034 |
10 |
2.109 |
1.98 |
2.03 |
0.129 |
0,079 |
4.281 |
4.14 |
4.18 |
0.141 |
0.101 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.55 |
14.59 |
0.125 |
0,085 |
8.600 |
8.58 |
8.57 |
0.020 |
0.030 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.36 |
13.35 |
0.034 |
0.044 |
13 |
12.940 |
12.95 |
12.92 |
-0,010 |
0.020 |
14 |
7.190 |
7.21 |
7.21 |
-0.020 |
-0.020 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.36 |
13.36 |
0.011 |
0.011 |
6.435 |
6.37 |
6.43 |
0,065 |
0.005 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.74 |
3.72 |
0,002 |
0,022 |
17 |
6.022 |
6.03 |
6.00 |
-0.008 |
0,022 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.91 |
3.94 |
0,027 |
-0,003 |
19 |
8.120 |
8.09 |
8.09 |
0.030 |
0.030 |
14.411 |
14.40 |
14.41 |
0.011 |
0.001 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.06 |
6.03 |
0,017 |
0,047 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.68 |
13.65 |
0,016 |
0.046 |
RMSE: Ds1 = 0,0397m, Ds2 = 0,0328m |
Drone pamawa |
Kaméra serong |
GSD |
PPK |
CW10 VTOL |
DG4pros |
1,5 cm |
Sumuhun |
Jumlah Objék |
panjang ukur (L0) |
Panjang modél 3D (L1) tanpa GCP |
Panjang modél 3D (L2) kalayan GCP |
Ds1(L0-L1) |
Ds2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.210 |
7.20 |
7.21 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
8.706 |
8.69 |
8.7 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
|
10.961 |
10.88 |
10.89 |
0.08 |
0.07 |
|
2 |
7.010 |
6.87 |
6.99 |
0.14 |
0.02 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.75 |
1.78 |
0.07 |
0.04 |
4 |
10.410 |
10.38 |
10.39 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.69 |
10.69 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.78 |
13.76 |
0.01 |
0.03 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.38 |
11.39 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
12.147 |
12.12 |
12.12 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.49 |
7.51 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
13.797 |
13.78 |
13.8 |
0.02 |
0.00 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.34 |
10.35 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
10 |
2.109 |
2.02 |
2.11 |
0.09 |
0.00 |
4.281 |
4.21 |
4.28 |
0.07 |
0.00 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.65 |
14.68 |
0.03 |
0.00 |
8.600 |
8.57 |
8.53 |
0.03 |
0.07 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.40 |
13.37 |
-0.01 |
0.02 |
13 |
12.940 |
12.89 |
12.91 |
0.05 |
0.03 |
14 |
7.190 |
7.18 |
7.2 |
0.01 |
-0.01 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.38 |
13.35 |
-0.01 |
0.02 |
6.435 |
6.46 |
6.4 |
-0.03 |
0.03 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.75 |
3.71 |
-0.01 |
0.03 |
17 |
6.022 |
5.97 |
5.98 |
0.05 |
0.04 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.91 |
3.89 |
0.03 |
0.05 |
19 |
8.120 |
8.08 |
8.1 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
14.411 |
14.38 |
14.39 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.05 |
6.03 |
0.03 |
0.05 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.67 |
13.64 |
0.03 |
0.06 |
RMSE: Ds1 = 0,0328m, Ds2 = 0,0249m |
Drone pamawa |
Kaméra serong |
GSD |
PPK |
CW10 VTOL |
DG4pros |
1,5 cm |
No |
Jumlah Objék |
panjang ukur (L0) |
Panjang modél 3D (L1) tanpa GCP |
Panjang modél 3D (L2) kalayan GCP |
Ds1(L0-L1) |
Ds2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.210 |
7.20 |
7.21 |
0.010 |
0 |
8.706 |
8.65 |
8.68 |
0,056 |
0,026 |
|
10.961 |
10.90 |
10.87 |
0,061 |
0.091 |
|
2 |
7.010 |
6.86 |
6.88 |
0.150 |
0.13 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.76 |
1.76 |
0,062 |
0,062 |
4 |
10.410 |
10.37 |
10.38 |
0.040 |
0.03 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.68 |
10.72 |
0,038 |
-0,002 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.71 |
13.79 |
0,077 |
-0,003 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.38 |
11.38 |
0,024 |
0,024 |
12.147 |
12.12 |
12.13 |
0,027 |
0,017 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.49 |
7.53 |
0.036 |
-0,004 |
13.797 |
13.77 |
13.78 |
0,027 |
0,017 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.35 |
10.37 |
0,024 |
0.004 |
10 |
2.109 |
2.09 |
2.11 |
0.019 |
-0.001 |
4.281 |
4.19 |
4.28 |
0.091 |
0.001 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.64 |
14.67 |
0.035 |
0.005 |
8.600 |
8.57 |
8.58 |
0.030 |
0.02 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.38 |
13.39 |
0.014 |
0.004 |
13 |
12.940 |
12.91 |
12.9 |
0.030 |
0.04 |
14 |
7.190 |
7.20 |
7.19 |
-0,010 |
0 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.38 |
13.37 |
-0.009 |
0.001 |
6.435 |
6.43 |
6.42 |
0.005 |
0,015 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.70 |
3.7 |
0,042 |
0,042 |
17 |
6.022 |
5.99 |
5.98 |
0.032 |
0,042 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.94 |
3.91 |
-0,003 |
0,027 |
19 |
8.120 |
8.12 |
8.07 |
0.000 |
0.05 |
14.411 |
14.37 |
14.38 |
0.041 |
0.031 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.04 |
6.04 |
0,037 |
0,037 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.65 |
13.65 |
0.046 |
0.046 |
RMSE: Ds1 = 0,0356m, Ds2 = 0,0259m |
Drone pamawa |
Kaméra serong |
GSD |
PPK |
DJI M600 Pro Multi-rotor |
DG4pros |
1,5 cm |
No |
Jumlah Objék |
panjang ukur (L0) |
Panjang modél 3D (L1) tanpa GCP |
Panjang modél 3D (L2) kalayan GCP |
Ds1(L0-L1) |
Ds2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.210 |
7.19 |
7.21 |
0.02 |
0.00 |
8.706 |
8.70 |
8.70 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
|
10.961 |
10.91 |
10.91 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
|
2 |
7.010 |
6.98 |
6.98 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.79 |
1.80 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
4 |
10.410 |
10.39 |
10.39 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.69 |
10.70 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.76 |
13.75 |
0.03 |
0.04 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.38 |
11.38 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
12.147 |
12.12 |
12.13 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.50 |
7.49 |
0.03 |
0.04 |
13.797 |
13.77 |
13.79 |
0.03 |
0.01 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.33 |
10.35 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
10 |
2.109 |
2.02 |
2.07 |
0.09 |
0.04 |
4.281 |
4.20 |
4.21 |
0.08 |
0.07 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.65 |
14.66 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
8.600 |
8.57 |
8.57 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.35 |
13.35 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
13 |
12.940 |
12.92 |
12.93 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
14 |
7.190 |
7.17 |
7.18 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.35 |
13.36 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
6.435 |
6.41 |
6.42 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.70 |
3.71 |
0.04 |
0.03 |
17 |
6.022 |
5.99 |
6.00 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.89 |
3.91 |
0.05 |
0.03 |
19 |
8.120 |
8.08 |
8.10 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
14.411 |
14.36 |
14.35 |
0.05 |
0.06 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.06 |
6.06 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.65 |
13.67 |
0.05 |
0.03 |
RMSE: Ds1 = 0,0342m, Ds2 = 0,0256m |
Variabel percobaan 1 nyaéta:
1: Kalawan / Tanpa data PPK.
2: Jenis drone pamawa: drone VTOL atanapi drone multi-rotor
3: GSD béda: 1,5 cm atawa 2cm
Sanggeus nganalisis lima sét data ékspérimén, urang tiasa narik kacindekan ieu:
Nalika kaméra serong nyaéta DG4Pros:
(1) Kalayan / Tanpa titik kontrol taneuh (GCP) aub dina triangulasi AT, naha éta VTOL atanapi drone multi-rotor, naha GSD 2cm atanapi 1,5cm, modél 3D anu diwangun ku kaméra serong DG4Pros tiasa nyumponan sarat kasalahan akurasi relatif Ds≤10cm.
(2) Lamun kalawan / tanpa GCPs mangrupakeun variabel tunggal, akurasi relatif model 3D kalawan GCPs leuwih hade tinimbang nu tanpa GCP.
(3) Nalika GSD mangrupakeun variabel tunggal, akurasi relatif model 3D yén GSD 1,5cm leuwih hade tinimbang nu GSD 2cm.
(4) Nalika drone pamawa mangrupikeun variabel tunggal, akurasi relatif modél 3D anu ngagunakeun multi-rotor langkung saé tibatan anu nganggo VTOL salaku drone pamawa.
Drone pamawa |
Kaméra serong |
GSD |
GCPs |
CW10 VTOL |
DG4pros |
2 cm |
NO |
Jumlah Objék |
panjang ukur (L0) |
Panjang modél 3D (L1) tanpa PPK |
Panjang modél 3D (L2) kalayan PPK |
Ds1(L0-L1) |
Ds2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.210 |
7.18 |
7.20 |
0.030 |
0.01 |
8.706 |
8.69 |
8.71 |
0,016 |
0.00 |
|
10.961 |
10.89 |
10.87 |
0,071 |
0.09 |
|
2 |
7.010 |
6.88 |
6.89 |
0.130 |
0.12 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.76 |
1.79 |
0,062 |
0.03 |
4 |
10.410 |
10.38 |
10.39 |
0.030 |
0.02 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.65 |
10.67 |
0,068 |
0.05 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.72 |
13.75 |
0,067 |
0.04 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.41 |
11.39 |
-0,006 |
0.01 |
12.147 |
12.13 |
12.13 |
0,017 |
0.02 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.44 |
7.51 |
0.086 |
0.02 |
13.797 |
13.83 |
13.79 |
-0,033 |
0.01 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.35 |
10.35 |
0,024 |
0.02 |
10 |
2.109 |
1.98 |
2.03 |
0.129 |
0.08 |
4.281 |
4.14 |
4.15 |
0.141 |
0.13 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.55 |
14.61 |
0.125 |
0.07 |
8.600 |
8.58 |
8.60 |
0.020 |
0.00 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.36 |
13.37 |
0.034 |
0.02 |
13 |
12.940 |
12.95 |
12.88 |
-0,010 |
0.06 |
14 |
7.190 |
7.21 |
7.20 |
-0.020 |
-0.01 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.36 |
13.36 |
0.011 |
0.01 |
6.435 |
6.37 |
6.40 |
0,065 |
0.03 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.74 |
3.75 |
0,002 |
-0.01 |
17 |
6.022 |
6.03 |
5.97 |
-0.008 |
0.05 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.91 |
3.93 |
0,027 |
0.01 |
19 |
8.120 |
8.09 |
8.10 |
0.030 |
0.02 |
14.411 |
14.40 |
14.40 |
0.011 |
0.01 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.06 |
6.04 |
0,017 |
0.04 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.68 |
13.65 |
0,016 |
0.05 |
RMSE Ds1 = 0,0397m, Ds2 = 0,0342m |