Dina artikel panungtungan Kumaha titik kontrol taneuh jeung data PPK mangaruhan akurasi relatif model 3D, kami geus disebutkeun yén salian data GCPs na PPK, GSD jeung carrier drone ogé boga darajat tangtu pangaruh dina akurasi relatif 3D. model.Jadi urang ngalakukeun test sejen pikeun pariksa eta.
Drone pamawa |
Kaméra serong |
GCPs |
PPK |
CW10 VTOL |
DG4pros |
NO |
NO |
Jumlah Objék |
panjang ukur (L0) |
Panjang modél 3D (L1) GSD = 2cm |
Panjang modél 3D (L2) GSD = 1.5cm |
DS1(L0-L1) |
DS2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.210 |
7.18 |
7.20 |
0.030 |
0.010 |
8.706 |
8.69 |
8.65 |
0,016 |
0,056 |
|
10.961 |
10.89 |
10.90 |
0,071 |
0,061 |
|
2 |
7.010 |
6.88 |
6.86 |
0.130 |
0.150 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.76 |
1.76 |
0,062 |
0,062 |
4 |
10.410 |
10.38 |
10.37 |
0.030 |
0.040 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.65 |
10.68 |
0,068 |
0,038 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.72 |
13.71 |
0,067 |
0,077 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.41 |
11.38 |
-0,006 |
0,024 |
12.147 |
12.13 |
12.12 |
0,017 |
0,027 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.44 |
7.49 |
0.086 |
0.036 |
13.797 |
13.83 |
13.77 |
-0,033 |
0,027 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.35 |
10.35 |
0,024 |
0,024 |
10 |
2.109 |
1.98 |
2.09 |
0.129 |
0.019 |
4.281 |
4.14 |
4.19 |
0.141 |
0.091 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.55 |
14.64 |
0.125 |
0.035 |
8.600 |
8.58 |
8.57 |
0.020 |
0.030 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.36 |
13.38 |
0.034 |
0.014 |
13 |
12.940 |
12.95 |
12.91 |
-0,010 |
0.030 |
14 |
7.190 |
7.21 |
7.20 |
-0.020 |
-0,010 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.36 |
13.38 |
0.011 |
-0.009 |
6.435 |
6.37 |
6.43 |
0,065 |
0.005 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.74 |
3.70 |
0,002 |
0,042 |
17 |
6.022 |
6.03 |
5.99 |
-0.008 |
0.032 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.91 |
3.94 |
0,027 |
-0,003 |
19 |
8.120 |
8.09 |
8.12 |
0.030 |
0.000 |
14.411 |
14.40 |
14.37 |
0.011 |
0.041 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.06 |
6.04 |
0,017 |
0,037 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.68 |
13.65 |
0,016 |
0.046 |
RMSE: DS1 = 0.0397m, DS2 = 0.0356m |
Drone pamawa |
Kaméra serong |
GCPs |
PPK |
CW10 VTOL |
DG4pros |
Sumuhun |
No |
Jumlah Objék |
panjang ukur (L0) |
Panjang modél 3D (L1) GSD = 2cm |
Panjang modél 3D (L2) GSD = 1.5cm |
DS1(L0-L1) |
DS2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.210 |
7.18 |
7.21 |
0.030 |
0 |
8.706 |
8.68 |
8.68 |
0,026 |
0,026 |
|
10.961 |
10.91 |
10.87 |
0,051 |
0.091 |
|
2 |
7.010 |
6.92 |
6.88 |
0.090 |
0.13 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.79 |
1.76 |
0.032 |
0,062 |
4 |
10.410 |
10.39 |
10.38 |
0.020 |
0.03 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.66 |
10.72 |
0,058 |
-0,002 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.77 |
13.79 |
0,017 |
-0,003 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.38 |
11.38 |
0,024 |
0,024 |
12.147 |
12.12 |
12.13 |
0,027 |
0,017 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.47 |
7.53 |
0,056 |
-0,004 |
13.797 |
13.83 |
13.78 |
-0,033 |
0,017 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.34 |
10.37 |
0.034 |
0.004 |
10 |
2.109 |
2.03 |
2.11 |
0,079 |
-0.001 |
4.281 |
4.18 |
4.28 |
0.101 |
0.001 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.59 |
14.67 |
0,085 |
0.005 |
8.600 |
8.57 |
8.58 |
0.030 |
0.02 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.35 |
13.39 |
0.044 |
0.004 |
13 |
12.940 |
12.92 |
12.9 |
0.020 |
0.04 |
14 |
7.190 |
7.21 |
7.19 |
-0.020 |
0 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.36 |
13.37 |
0.011 |
0.001 |
6.435 |
6.43 |
6.42 |
0.005 |
0,015 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.72 |
3.7 |
0,022 |
0,042 |
17 |
6.022 |
6.00 |
5.98 |
0,022 |
0,042 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.94 |
3.91 |
-0,003 |
0,027 |
19 |
8.120 |
8.09 |
8.07 |
0.030 |
0.05 |
14.411 |
14.41 |
14.38 |
0.001 |
0.031 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.03 |
6.04 |
0,047 |
0,037 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.65 |
13.65 |
0.046 |
0.046 |
RMSE: DS1 = 0.0328m, DS2 = 0.0259m |
Drone pamawa |
Kaméra serong |
GCPs |
PPK |
CW10 VTOL |
DG4pros |
NO |
Enya |
Jumlah Objék |
panjang ukur (L0) |
Panjang modél 3D (L1) GSD = 2cm |
Panjang modél 3D (L2) GSD = 1.5cm |
DS1(L0-L1) |
DS2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.210 |
7.20 |
7.20 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
8.706 |
8.71 |
8.69 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
|
10.961 |
10.87 |
10.88 |
0.09 |
0.08 |
|
2 |
7.010 |
6.89 |
6.87 |
0.12 |
0.14 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.79 |
1.75 |
0.03 |
0.07 |
4 |
10.410 |
10.39 |
10.38 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.67 |
10.69 |
0.05 |
0.03 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.75 |
13.78 |
0.04 |
0.01 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.39 |
11.38 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
12.147 |
12.13 |
12.12 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.51 |
7.49 |
0.02 |
0.04 |
13.797 |
13.79 |
13.78 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.35 |
10.34 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
10 |
2.109 |
2.03 |
2.02 |
0.08 |
0.09 |
4.281 |
4.15 |
4.21 |
0.13 |
0.07 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.61 |
14.65 |
0.07 |
0.03 |
8.600 |
8.60 |
8.57 |
0.00 |
0.03 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.37 |
13.40 |
0.02 |
-0.01 |
13 |
12.940 |
12.88 |
12.89 |
0.06 |
0.05 |
14 |
7.190 |
7.20 |
7.18 |
-0.01 |
0.01 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.36 |
13.38 |
0.01 |
-0.01 |
6.435 |
6.40 |
6.46 |
0.03 |
-0.03 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.75 |
3.75 |
-0.01 |
-0.01 |
17 |
6.022 |
5.97 |
5.97 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.93 |
3.91 |
0.01 |
0.03 |
19 |
8.120 |
8.10 |
8.08 |
0.02 |
0.04 |
14.411 |
14.40 |
14.38 |
0.01 |
0.03 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.04 |
6.05 |
0.04 |
0.03 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.65 |
13.67 |
0.05 |
0.03 |
RMSE: DS1 = 0.0342m, DS2 = 0.0328m |
Drone pamawa |
Kaméra serong |
GCPs |
PPK |
CW10 VTOL |
DG4pros |
Enya |
Enya |
Jumlah Objék |
panjang ukur (L0) |
Panjang modél 3D (L1) GSD = 2cm |
Panjang modél 3D (L2) GSD = 1.5cm |
DS1(L0-L1) |
DS2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.21 |
7.21 |
7.21 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
8.706 |
8.68 |
8.7 |
0.03 |
0.01 |
|
10.961 |
10.90 |
10.89 |
0.06 |
0.07 |
|
2 |
7.01 |
6.98 |
6.99 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.80 |
1.78 |
0.02 |
0.04 |
4 |
10.41 |
10.40 |
10.39 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.70 |
10.69 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.77 |
13.76 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.39 |
11.39 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
12.147 |
12.13 |
12.12 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.49 |
7.51 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
13.797 |
13.81 |
13.8 |
-0.01 |
0.00 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.36 |
10.35 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
10 |
2.109 |
2.02 |
2.11 |
0.09 |
0.00 |
4.281 |
4.16 |
4.28 |
0.12 |
0.00 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.66 |
14.68 |
0.02 |
0.00 |
8.6 |
8.54 |
8.53 |
0.06 |
0.07 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.35 |
13.37 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
13 |
12.94 |
12.89 |
12.91 |
0.05 |
0.03 |
14 |
7.19 |
7.18 |
7.2 |
0.01 |
-0.01 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.35 |
13.35 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
6.435 |
6.41 |
6.4 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.72 |
3.71 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
17 |
6.022 |
5.98 |
5.98 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.89 |
3.89 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
19 |
8.12 |
8.12 |
8.1 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
14.411 |
14.40 |
14.39 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.03 |
6.03 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.66 |
13.64 |
0.04 |
0.06 |
RMSE: DS1 = 0.0308m, DS2 = 0.0249m |
Variabel percobaan 1 nyaéta:
1: Kalawan / Tanpa data PPK.
2: Kalawan / Tanpa GCPs.
3: GSD béda: 1,5 cm atawa 2cm
Saatos nganalisis opat sét data ékspérimén, urang tiasa nyandak kacindekan ieu:
Nalika kaméra serong nyaéta DG4Pros:
(1) Kalawan / Tanpa titik kontrol taneuh (GCP) jeung data PPK aub dina triangulasi AT, naha éta téh mangrupa VTOL atawa drone multi-rotor, naha GSD nyaeta 2cm atanapi 1,5cm, model 3D diwangun ku kaméra serong DG4Pros. bisa minuhan sarat tina kasalahan akurasi relatif Ds≤10cm (Sabenerna ≤5cm).
(2) Nalika GSD mangrupakeun variabel tunggal, akurasi relatif model 3D kalawan GSD = 1.5cm leuwih hade tinimbang nu GSD = 2cm.
Kaméra serong |
GCPs |
PPK |
GSD |
DG4pros |
NO |
NO |
1,5 cm |
Jumlah Objék |
panjang ukur (L0) |
Panjang modél 3D (L1) CW10 |
Panjang modél 3D (L2) M600Pro |
DS1(L0-L1) |
DS2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.21 |
7.20 |
7.19 |
0.010 |
0.02 |
8.706 |
8.65 |
8.70 |
0,056 |
0.01 |
|
10.961 |
10.90 |
10.91 |
0,061 |
0.05 |
|
2 |
7.01 |
6.86 |
6.98 |
0.150 |
0.03 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.76 |
1.79 |
0,062 |
0.03 |
4 |
10.41 |
10.37 |
10.39 |
0.040 |
0.02 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.68 |
10.69 |
0,038 |
0.03 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.71 |
13.76 |
0,077 |
0.03 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.38 |
11.38 |
0,024 |
0.02 |
12.147 |
12.12 |
12.12 |
0,027 |
0.03 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.49 |
7.50 |
0.036 |
0.03 |
13.797 |
13.77 |
13.77 |
0,027 |
0.03 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.35 |
10.33 |
0,024 |
0.04 |
10 |
2.109 |
2.09 |
2.02 |
0.019 |
0.09 |
4.281 |
4.19 |
4.20 |
0.091 |
0.08 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.64 |
14.65 |
0.035 |
0.03 |
8.6 |
8.57 |
8.57 |
0.030 |
0.03 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.38 |
13.35 |
0.014 |
0.04 |
13 |
12.94 |
12.91 |
12.92 |
0.030 |
0.02 |
14 |
7.19 |
7.20 |
7.17 |
-0,010 |
0.02 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.38 |
13.35 |
-0.009 |
0.02 |
6.435 |
6.43 |
6.41 |
0.005 |
0.02 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.70 |
3.70 |
0,042 |
0.04 |
17 |
6.022 |
5.99 |
5.99 |
0.032 |
0.03 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.94 |
3.89 |
-0,003 |
0.05 |
19 |
8.12 |
8.12 |
8.08 |
0.000 |
0.04 |
14.411 |
14.37 |
14.36 |
0.041 |
0.05 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.04 |
6.06 |
0,037 |
0.02 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.65 |
13.65 |
0.046 |
0.05 |
RMSE: DS1 = 0.0356m, DS2 = 0.342m |
Kaméra serong |
GCPs |
PPK |
GSD |
DG4pros |
Enya |
NO |
1,5 cm |
Jumlah Objék |
panjang ukur (L0) |
Panjang modél 3D (L1) CW10 |
Panjang modél 3D (L2) M600Pro |
DS1(L0-L1) |
DS2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.21 |
7.21 |
7.21 |
0 |
0.00 |
8.706 |
8.68 |
8.70 |
0,026 |
0.01 |
|
10.961 |
10.87 |
10.91 |
0.091 |
0.05 |
|
2 |
7.01 |
6.88 |
6.98 |
0.13 |
0.03 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.76 |
1.80 |
0,062 |
0.02 |
4 |
10.41 |
10.38 |
10.39 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.72 |
10.70 |
-0,002 |
0.02 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.79 |
13.75 |
-0,003 |
0.04 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.38 |
11.38 |
0,024 |
0.02 |
12.147 |
12.13 |
12.13 |
0,017 |
0.02 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.53 |
7.49 |
-0,004 |
0.04 |
13.797 |
13.78 |
13.79 |
0,017 |
0.01 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.37 |
10.35 |
0.004 |
0.02 |
10 |
2.109 |
2.11 |
2.07 |
-0.001 |
0.04 |
4.281 |
4.28 |
4.21 |
0.001 |
0.07 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.67 |
14.66 |
0.005 |
0.02 |
8.6 |
8.58 |
8.57 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.39 |
13.35 |
0.004 |
0.04 |
13 |
12.94 |
12.9 |
12.93 |
0.04 |
0.01 |
14 |
7.19 |
7.19 |
7.18 |
0 |
0.01 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.37 |
13.36 |
0.001 |
0.01 |
6.435 |
6.42 |
6.42 |
0,015 |
0.01 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.7 |
3.71 |
0,042 |
0.03 |
17 |
6.022 |
5.98 |
6.00 |
0,042 |
0.02 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.91 |
3.91 |
0,027 |
0.03 |
19 |
8.12 |
8.07 |
8.10 |
0.05 |
0.02 |
14.411 |
14.38 |
14.35 |
0.031 |
0.06 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.04 |
6.06 |
0,037 |
0.02 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.65 |
13.67 |
0.046 |
0.03 |
RMSE: DS1 = 0,0259m, DS2 = 0,256m |
Variabel percobaan 2 nyaéta:
1: Kalawan / Tanpa GCPs.
2: Drone Pembawa Béda: drone VTOL atanapi drone multi-rotor
Sanggeus nganalisis dua sét data ékspérimén, urang tiasa narik kacindekan ieu:
Nalika kaméra serong nyaéta DG4Pros:
(1) Kalayan / Tanpa titik kontrol taneuh (GCP) naha éta VTOL atanapi drone multi-rotor, modél 3D anu diwangun ku kaméra serong DG4Pros tiasa nyumponan sarat kasalahan akurasi relatif Ds≤10cm (Saleresna ≤5cm).
(2) Nalika jinis drone pamawa mangrupikeun variabel tunggal, akurasi relatif modél 3D sareng multi-rotor langkung saé tibatan VTOL, tapi bédana henteu ageung pisan.